Cipher
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An algorithm for encrypting and decrypting data: the mathematical procedure that, with a key, turns readable data into ciphertext and back. Ciphers are named in the cipher suites a TLS connection negotiates, which is what 4.2.1 is checking when it asks that only trusted keys and certificates, secure protocols and strong cryptography are used to protect PAN in transit, and what 12.3.3 asks an entity to inventory and review at least annually.