Public Key Cryptography
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Cryptography using a pair of keys, one public and one private, so that what one encrypts only the other can decrypt. It is what TLS certificates, digital signatures and secure key exchange are built on. The full entry is under Asymmetric Encryption; this one exists because both names are in common use and PCI DSS's own text uses neither, speaking instead of strong cryptography and of keys.
Related. Asymmetric Encryption, PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), Digital Certificate, Digital Signature
Sources. PCI DSS v4.0.1 (June 2024)